DRAFT CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF SOLAR SYSTEM CULTURAL HERITAGE
OPSA-2014-06
2014
ANNEX 1
RULES CONCERNING ACTIVITIES DIRECTED AT SOLAR SYSTEM CULTURAL HERITAGE
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Rule 1. The protection of Solar System cultural heritage through in situ preservation shall be considered as the first option. Accordingly, activities directed at Solar System cultural heritage shall be authorized in a manner consistent with the protection of that heritage, and subject to that requirement may be authorized for the purpose of making a significant contribution to protection or knowledge or enhancement of Solar System cultural heritage.
Rule 2. The commercial exploitation of Solar System cultural heritage for trade or speculation or its irretrievable dispersal is fundamentally incompatible with the protection and proper management of Solar System cultural heritage. Solar System cultural heritage shall not be traded, sold, bought or bartered as commercial goods.
This Rule cannot be interpreted as preventing:
(a) the provision of professional archaeological services or necessary services incidental thereto whose nature and purpose are in full conformity with this Convention and are subject to the authorization of the competent authorities;
(b) the deposition of Solar System cultural heritage, recovered in the course of a research project in conformity with this Convention, provided such deposition does not prejudice the scientific or cultural interest or integrity of the recovered material or result in its irretrievable dispersal; is in accordance with the provisions of Rules 33 and 34; and is subject to the authorization of the competent authorities.
Rule 3. Activities directed at Solar System cultural heritage shall not adversely affect the Solar System cultural heritage more than is necessary for the objectives of the project.
Rule 4. Activities directed at Solar System cultural heritage must use non-destructive techniques and survey methods in preference to recovery of objects. If excavation or recovery is necessary for the purpose of scientific studies or for the ultimate protection of the Solar System cultural heritage, the methods and techniques used must be as non-destructive as possible and contribute to the preservation of the remains.
Rule 5. Activities directed at Solar System cultural heritage shall avoid the unnecessary disturbance of human remains or venerated sites.
Rule 6. Activities directed at Solar System cultural heritage shall be strictly regulated to ensure proper recording of cultural, historical and archaeological information.
Rule 7. Public access to in situ Solar System cultural heritage shall be promoted, except where such access is incompatible with protection and management.
Rule 8. International cooperation in the conduct of activities directed at Solar System cultural heritage shall be encouraged in order to further the effective exchange or use of archaeologists and other relevant professionals.
II. PROJECT DESIGN
Rule 9. Prior to any activity directed at Solar System cultural heritage, a project design for the activity shall be developed and submitted to the competent authorities for authorization and appropriate peer review.
Rule 10.
The project design shall include:
(a) an evaluation of previous or preliminary studies;
(b) the project statement and objectives;
(c) the methodology to be used and the techniques to be employed;
(d) the anticipated funding;
(e) an expected timetable for completion of the project;
(f) the composition of the team and the qualifications, responsibilities and experience of each team member;
(g) plans for post-fieldwork analysis and other activities;
(h) a conservation programme for artefacts and the site in close cooperation with the competent authorities;
(i) a site management and maintenance policy for the whole duration of the project;
(j) a documentation programme;
(k) a safety policy;
(l) an environmental policy;
(m) arrangements for collaboration with museums and other institutions, in particular scientific institutions;
(n) report preparation;
(o) deposition of archives, including Solar System cultural heritage removed; and
(p) a programme for publication.
Rule 11. Activities directed at Solar System cultural heritage shall be carried out in accordance with the project design approved by the competent authorities.
Rule 12. Where unexpected discoveries are made or circumstances change, the project design shall be reviewed and amended with the approval of the competent authorities.
Rule 13. In cases of urgency or chance discoveries, activities directed at the Solar System cultural heritage, including conservation measures or activities for a period of short duration, in particular site stabilization, may be authorized in the absence of a project design in order to protect the Solar System cultural heritage.
III. PRELIMINARY WORK
Rule 14. The preliminary work referred to in Rule 10 (a) shall include an assessment that evaluates the significance and vulnerability of the Solar System cultural heritage and the surrounding natural environment to damage by the proposed project, and the potential to obtain data that would meet the project objectives.
Rule 15. The assessment shall also include background studies of available historical and archaeological evidence, the archaeological and environmental characteristics of the site, and the consequences of any potential intrusion for the long-term stability of the Solar System cultural heritage affected by the activities.
IV. PROJECT OBJECTIVE, METHODOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES
Rule 16. The methodology shall comply with the project objectives, and the techniques employed shall be as non-intrusive as possible.
V. FUNDING
Rule 17. Except in cases of emergency to protect Solar System cultural heritage, an adequate funding base shall be assured in advance of any activity, sufficient to complete all stages of the project design, including conservation, documentation and curation of recovered artefacts, and report preparation and dissemination.
Rule 18. The project design shall demonstrate an ability, such as by securing a bond, to fund the project through to completion.
Rule 19. The project design shall include a contingency plan that will ensure conservation of Solar System cultural heritage and supporting documentation in the event of any interruption of anticipated funding.
VI. PROJECT DURATION - TIMETABLE
Rule 20. An adequate timetable shall be developed to assure in advance of any activity directed at Solar System cultural heritage the completion of all stages of the project design, including conservation, documentation and curation of recovered Solar System cultural heritage, as well as report preparation and dissemination.
Rule 21. The project design shall include a contingency plan that will ensure conservation of Solar System cultural heritage and supporting documentation in the event of any interruption or termination of the project.
VII. COMPETENCE AND QUALIFICATIONS
Rule 22. Activities directed at Solar System cultural heritage shall only be undertaken under the direction and control of, and in the regular presence of, a qualified archaeologist with scientific competence appropriate to the project.
Rule 23. All persons on the project team shall be qualified and have demonstrated competence appropriate to their roles in the project.
VIII. CONSERVATION AND SITE MANAGEMENT
Rule 24. The conservation programme shall provide for the treatment of the archaeological remains during the activities directed at Solar System cultural heritage, during transit and in the long term. Conservation shall be carried out in accordance with current professional standards.
Rule 25. The site management programme shall provide for the protection and management in situ of Solar System cultural heritage, in the course of and upon termination of fieldwork. The programme shall include public information, reasonable provision for site stabilization, monitoring, and protection against interference.
IX. DOCUMENTATION
Rule 26. The documentation programme shall set out thorough documentation including a progress report of activities directed at Solar System cultural heritage, in accordance with current professional standards of archaeological documentation.
Rule 27. Documentation shall include, at a minimum, a comprehensive record of the site, including the provenance of Solar System cultural heritage moved or removed in the course of the activities directed at Solar System cultural heritage, field notes, plans, drawings, sections, and photographs or recording in other media.
X. SAFETY
Rule 28. A safety policy shall be prepared that is adequate to ensure the safety and health of the project team and third parties and that is in conformity with any applicable statutory and professional requirements.
XI. ENVIRONMENT
Rule 29. An environmental policy shall be prepared that is adequate to ensure that the terrain the vicinity is not unduly disturbed.
XII. REPORTING
Rule 30. Interim and final reports shall be made available according to the timetable set out in the project design, and deposited in relevant public records.
Rule 31. Reports shall include:
(a) an account of the objectives;
(b) an account of the methods and techniques employed;
(c) an account of the results achieved;
(d) basic graphic and photographic documentation on all phases of the activity;
(e) recommendations concerning conservation and curation of the site and of any Solar System cultural heritage removed; and
(f) recommendations for future activities.
XIII. CURATION OF PROJECT ARCHIVES
Rule 32. Arrangements for curation of the project archives shall be agreed to before any activity commences, and shall be set out in the project design.
Rule 33. The project archives, including any Solar System cultural heritage removed and a copy of all supporting documentation shall, as far as possible, be kept together and intact as a collection in a manner that is available for professional and public access as well as for the curation of the archives. This should be done as rapidly as possible and in any case not later than ten years from the completion of the project, in so far as may be compatible with conservation of the Solar System cultural heritage.
Rule 34. The project archives shall be managed according to international professional standards, and subject to the authorization of the competent authorities.
XIV. DISSEMINATION
Rule 35. Projects shall provide for public education and popular presentation of the project results where appropriate.
Rule 36.
A final synthesis of a project shall be:
(a) made public as soon as possible, having regard to the complexity of the project and the confidential or sensitive nature of the information; and
(b) deposited in relevant public records.
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